The rules of logic are simple. Use whatever evidence you have, and no other, to figure the probability of a conclusion. These rules are all we need to understand what…

The principium tertii exclusi, the principle or law of the excluded middle, what is that? If there is a proposition B then it is either the case that B is…

If you're a scientist, soft or hard, who routinely uses statistics, it's likely that your funding, and therefore your career, the very wellness of your being hinges on discovering statistically…

In thinking about what probability means, it's important to sort out what is contingent and what relationship contingent events have to causality. Contingency simply means that what is could have…

Let's examine Marcus Arvan's peer-reviewed paper, "Bad News for Conservatives? Moral Judgments and the Dark Triad Personality Traits: A Correlational Study", published in the 25 July 2011 issue of Neuroethics.…

Different courts and legal systems use diverse phrases about evidentiary standards of proof1. Few to none are precise in the sense that they offer a fixed probability number for this…